AccountingQA Latest Questions

Astha
AsthaLeader
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  2. PriyanshiGupta Graduated, B.Com
    This answer was edited.

    The value of inventory at the end of the financial year or balance sheet date is called closing stock. Closing stock includes: Raw Material Work-in-Progress Finished Goods Example: If the value of raw material is Rs 10,000, value of WIP is Rs 5,000 and value of Finished Goods is Rs 15,000 then valueRead more

    The value of inventory at the end of the financial year or balance sheet date is called closing stock. Closing stock includes:

    • Raw Material
    • Work-in-Progress
    • Finished Goods

    Example:

    If the value of raw material is Rs 10,000, value of WIP is Rs 5,000 and value of Finished Goods is Rs 15,000 then value of Closing Stock will be Rs (10,000 + 5,000 + 15,000) = Rs 30,000

    Adjustment entries are done on the accrual basis of accounting, that is, income is recorded when earned and not received and expenses are recorded when incurred and not paid. Adjustment entries are usually made before or after the preparation of the trial balance at the end of the accounting period.

    If the entries are made after the preparation of the trial balance, then two adjustment entries are recorded while preparing Trading and Profit & Loss A/c.

    Since closing stock is an item outside the trial balance, the double-entry would be:

    The journal entry

    Closing Stock A/c  (Dr.) Amt
    To Trading and Profit & Loss A/c Amt
    • Trading and Profit & Loss A/c is credited because it is of profit to the company and hence will be shown on the credit side.
    • Closing Stock is debited as an asset for the company and it will be recorded for the first time in accounting books, hence, will be debited.

    The second adjustment would be to show closing stock on the balance sheet and since the closing stock is an asset it is shown under the head Current Assets.  

    In case where adjustment for Closing Stock is to be done before preparation of Trial Balance, then it will be shown on the credit side of the Trial Balance, since it is an asset for the company and will have a credit brought down balance as shown in the image.

    Later, while preparing Balance Sheet, Closing Stock will be shown on the Asset side of the Balance Sheet.

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AbhishekBatabyal
AbhishekBatabyalHelpful
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  2. Ayushi Curious Pursuing CA

    Introduction Internal reconstruction refers to the process of restructuring a sick company’s balance sheet by certain methods to turn it financially healthy, thus saving it from potential liquidation. Explanation When a company has been making losses for many years, it has a huge amount of accumulatRead more

    Introduction

    Internal reconstruction refers to the process of restructuring a sick company’s balance sheet by certain methods to turn it financially healthy, thus saving it from potential liquidation.

    Explanation

    When a company has been making losses for many years, it has a huge amount of accumulated losses due to which the reserve and surplus appear at a very low or negative amount in the balance sheet.

    Also, such a company is said to be overcapitalised as it is not able to generate enough returns to its capital.

    As the company is overcapitalised, the assets are also overvalued. The balance sheet also contains many fictitious assets and unrepresented intangible assets.

    The balance sheet of such a ‘sick’ company looks like the following:

    Hence, to save the company from liquidation,

    • its assets and liabilities are revalued and reassessed,
    • its capital is reduced by paying off part of paid-up capital to shareholders or cancelling the paid-up capital.
    • the right of shareholders related to preference dividends is altered,
    • agreements are made with creditors to reduce their claims and
    • fictitious assets and accumulated losses are written off.

    In this way, its balance sheet gets rid of all undesirable elements and the company gets a new life without being liquidated.  This process is known as internal reconstruction.

    Legal compliance

    The internal reconstruction of a company is governed by the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

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A_Team
A_Team
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  2. GautamSaxena Curious .
    This answer was edited.

    There are three types of businesses that can be commenced, they are sole proprietorship, partnership, and joint-stock company. As we all know, to start any business a certain sum of money has to be invested by the owner which is known as the capital of the business in terms of accounting. In companiRead more

    There are three types of businesses that can be commenced, they are sole proprietorship, partnership, and joint-stock company. As we all know, to start any business a certain sum of money has to be invested by the owner which is known as the capital of the business in terms of accounting.

    In companies, commencement is a declaration issued by the company’s directors with the registrar stating that the subscribers of the company have paid the amount agreed. In a sole proprietorship, the business can be commenced with the introduction of any asset such as cash, stock, furniture, etc.

    Journal entry

    In the journal entry, “Started business with Cash”

    As per the golden rules of accounting, the cash a/c is debited because we bring in cash to the business, and as the rule says “debit what comes in, credit what goes out.” Whereas the capital a/c is credited because “debit all expenses and losses, credit all incomes and gains”

    As per modern rules of accounting, cash a/c is debited as cash is a current asset, and assets are debited when they increase. Whereas, on the increment on liabilities, they are credited, therefore, capital a/c is credited.

    Therefore, the entry we’ll be passing is-

     

     

     

     

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Anushka Lalwani
Anushka Lalwani
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  2. ShreyaSharma none
    This answer was edited.

    Introduction & Definition Firstly, let's see what the term 'petty cash book' means. The word ‘petty’ means small. A petty cash book is identical to a cash book, maintained to record the small expenses of a business like stationery, postage, stamps, carriage, etc. The cash received by a petty casRead more

    Introduction & Definition

    Firstly, let’s see what the term ‘petty cash book’ means. The word ‘petty’ means small. A petty cash book is identical to a cash book, maintained to record the small expenses of a business like stationery, postage, stamps, carriage, etc. The cash received by a petty cashier is recorded on the debit/ receipt side whereas, the money he pays is recorded on the credit/ payment side. The difference between the sum of the debit and credit items represents the balance of the petty cash in hand.

    The reason the petty cash book is maintained is that it records small expenses that are inconvenient or too small to be registered in the cash book. This is also called a simple petty cash book. Just like a cash book is maintained by the accountant, the petty cash book is maintained by a petty cashier.

    When it comes to the format, there are two types of petty cash book formats. They are-

    1. Simple Petty Cash Book
    2. Analytical Petty Cash Book

    We have been discussing the simple petty cash book so far. Thus,

    Format of Simple Petty Cash Book

     

     

    Analytical Petty Cash Book

    The analytical petty cash book has numerous columns for the recording of monetary transactions. In the analytical petty cash book, there are pre-existing columns for the usual expenses that are recorded frequently in the business which makes it easier for a business that has daily expenses for food, stationery, postage, etc. They’ll be having individual columns. It has numerous columns in it for the recording of expenses in it.

    The key advantages of an analytical petty cash book are-

    • One of the major key advantages is that the analytical petty cash book due to its format and structure saves time.
    • The other advantage is that it helps the business in easy comparisons.
    • It requires lesser time in recording.

     

    Format of Analytical Petty Cash Book

     

     

     

     

     

     

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Simerpreet
SimerpreetHelpful
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I am looking for accounting entries asked in interviews.

  2. SidharthBadlani CA Inter Student

    Interviews can appear daunting. But don't worry we are here for you. Here is a comprehensive list of journal entries and other technical and behavioral questions mostly asked in interviews. Journal entries for the following situations are most frequently asked: A cashier is absconding with cash wortRead more

    Interviews can appear daunting. But don’t worry we are here for you. Here is a comprehensive list of journal entries and other technical and behavioral questions mostly asked in interviews.

    Journal entries for the following situations are most frequently asked:

    • A cashier is absconding with cash worth 10,000.
    • Bad debts worth ₹10,000 have been recovered.
    • The Head Office received ₹ 5,000 from its Branch.
    • Issue of bonus shares worth 5,00,000
    • Depreciation on land
    • Contra Entries
    • Inventory used for personal purposes
    • Personal car transferred to inventory

    Besides these, there are certain general questions that are almost always asked. You must be well prepared for these questions. For example,

    • Introduce yourself
    • Why do you want to join this company?
    • Why do you not want to join our competitors? ( prepare one or two specific competitors)
    • Why do you think you are fit for this role?

    Behavioral Questions

    Behavioral questions seek to evaluate your personality and access how you would act or react in certain situations.

    Here are some of the most frequently asked behavioral questions:

    • Tell me about an experience where you faced stress and how you handled it.
    • How do you react when team members do not agree with you?
    • How do you react when you do not agree with the team leader?
    • What is the biggest challenge that you have ever faced in your life and how did you handle it?
    • Tell me about a time when you had to take a leadership role.
    • Tell me about a time when you took initiative.
    • Tell me about a time when you failed and how you handled it.
    • Tell me about a time when you used your problem-solving skills
    • Tell me about the biggest mistake you have committed in life.
    • Tell me about your strengths and weaknesses.
    • Have you ever worked with a team before?
    • Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
    • Tell me about the biggest mistake you committed in your life.

    Technical questions

    Technical questions are those that test your academic knowledge of accounting. They intend to assess your conceptual understanding and clarity of the subject. Here’s a list of technical questions related to accounting most frequently asked in interviews:

    • What is working capital?
    • What is AS 1? ( Prepare all AS)
    • What is the P/E ratio?
    • A company takes a loan of ₹5,00,000 to buy an asset. State the impact on the cash flow statement and balance sheet.
    • A company issues debentures worth ₹10,00,000. State the impact on the cash flow statement and balance sheet.
    • What is the difference between a trial balance and a balance sheet?
    • Differentiate between dormant and inactive accounts.
    • What is Acid-Test Ratio?
    • How can we estimate bad debts?
    • How can a company improve its market capitalization?
    • What is GAAP?
    • Why do we need AS?
    • What are fictitious assets?
    • What is the difference between provision and reserve?
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A_Team
A_Team
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  2. Saurav

    Accruals are not the same as provisions both are totally different from each other. Accruals and provision both are vital parts of accounts but work differently   Accrual Accrual expense means the transaction that takes place in a particular period must be accounted for in that period only irreRead more

    Accruals are not the same as provisions both are totally different from each other. Accruals and provision both are vital parts of accounts but work differently

     

    Accrual

    Accrual expense means the transaction that takes place in a particular period must be accounted for in that period only irrespective of the fact when such an amount has been paid.

    An accrual of the expenditure which is not paid will be listed in the books of accounts. These accruals can be further divided into two parts

     

    Accrual Expense

    Accrual Expense means any transaction that takes place in a particular period but the amount for it will be paid on a later period.

    For example- 10,000 for the month of March was paid in April month then this rent will be accounted for in the books in March

    These are the following accrued expense

    • Accrual Rent– Accrual rent means the amount for using the land of the landlord is paid at a later period than the period when it is put into use.
    • Insurance– Accrual insurance means the amount paid as a premium to the insurance company paid on a later period than the period when it is due
    • Expense- Acrrual expense means the amount for any expense paid on a later period then the period when it pertains to be paid
    • Wages- Accrual wages means the amount which is paid to employees on a later period than the period when the wages get due

     

    Accrual Revenue

    Accrual Revenue means any transaction that takes place in a particular period but the amount for it will be received on later period. For example- If interest of 10,000 on bonds for the period of March is received in April months then this amount will be accounted for in March. These are the following accrued revenue

    • Accrual Rent– Accrual rent means the amount for using the land of an entity by another party is received on a later period than the period when it was put into use.
    • Accrued Interest– Accrued interest means the amount of interest received on a later period than the period when it pertains to receive

     

    PROVISIONS

    Provision refers to making a provision/allowance against any probable future expense that the company might incur in the near future. This amount is uncertain and difficult to predict its surety.

    However, as per the prudence concept of accounting a company needs to anticipate the losses that will incur in the near future due to which provision is made.

    For example- A company has debtors of 10,000 but as per the company’s previous records company anticipates that 1% of debtors will become bad debts. So in this case company will make a provision of 1% that is 100 on it.

    There are various types of provisions which are-

    • Provision on Depreciation– Provision for Depreciation means a provision for future depletion of assets has been already created
    • Provision for Doubtful Debts– Provision for Doubtful Debts means a provision created against debtors that doesn’t seem to be recovered in the near future
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Bonnie
BonnieCurious
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Calls in AdvanceJournal Entry
  2. Manvi Pursuing ACCA
    This answer was edited.

    Journal Entry for Calls in Advance  Calls in advance mean excess money received by the company than what has been called up. Calls in advance are treated as Current Liability and shown in the Balance Sheet on the liability side. Journal Entry will be : Here we will "Debit" Bank A/c as it will increaRead more

    Journal Entry for Calls in Advance 

    Calls in advance mean excess money received by the company than what has been called up. Calls in advance are treated as Current Liability and shown in the Balance Sheet on the liability side.

    Journal Entry will be :

    Here we will “Debit” Bank A/c as it will increase assets of the company and “Credit” Calls in Advance A/c because it will increase the company’s current liabilties.

    For Example:

    Mr.Z shareholder of ABC Ltd was allotted 2,000 equity shares of Rs.10 each. He paid call money at the time of allotment.

    On Application Rs 5
    On Allotment Rs 2
    On First and final call Rs 3

     

    Journal Entry is as follows:

    Here, the company received an excess amount of Rs.6,000 (2,000*3) from a shareholder Mr.Z who paid the call money in advance. ABC Ltd will record this under Calls in Advance A/c. While passing journal entry ABC Ltd will debit its Bank A/c by Rs.6,000 and credit calls in advance account by Rs.6,000.

    When share calls are called up, calls received in advance are adjusted. The company will hold only the required amount which will make allotted shares fully paid.

    Once the amount is transferred to relevant call accounts, calls in advance account will be written off.

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